A Very Basic Introduction To The Main Kinds of Wine Making

By: April Kerr

Wine making is a very old and traditional and folks have been wine making around the world for hundreds of years. There are loads of different parts to wine making though and there are precise steps taken according to the sort of wine you are making. Anyone can do wine making and there are many resources accessible for those novice wine makers.
The main purpose of wine making is the same no matter what kind of wine you are planning on making. Yeast is used to change sugar into alcohol. A byproduct of this conversion is the production of carbon dioxide and flavor and aroma compounds. There are many different kinds of yeast that can be used in wine making as some yeast are preferred for white wine making and others for red wine making.
When making white wine and red wine there is one large difference. This has to do with the incorporation of the grape skins into the fermentation for red wine. White wine can be made from white grapes or red grapes but only the juice is used for fermentation. With red wine the skins are left into the juice and as the alcohol concentration increases the color is extracted from the grape skin and causes the wine to be a dark red color.
There is also an added step for wine making when making sparkling wine. Instead of one fermentation, sparkling wine uses two fermentations. The most famous example of sparkling wine is champagne but there are many different sorts of sparkling wine.
Once you have still wine, the wine is put into bottles, a little bit of juice or sugar solution is added to the wine with some extra yeast. The bottles are then capped and a second fermentation happens in the bottle. The CO2 produced builds up in the bottle so that when you open the sparkling wine it fizzes.
There are sweeter wines including fortified wines and dessert wines that additionally have their own special step. The wine maker does not allow the yeast to finish fermentation so there is still sugar left in the wine and it tastes sweet. Examples of these sweet wines are fortified wines, late harvest wines and ice wines.
Late harvest wines are made of very ripe grapes so that they are shriveled and like raisins. This produces juice that has high sugar. The fermentation is stopped before it is done by chilling. In this way the alcohol content is low and the wine is extremely sweet. There is much more to wine making but what is described above are the chief differences between the styles of winemaking you can use.

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At Food and Wine World you'll find very interesting info relating to how to build your own wine cellar and inexpensive wine cellar cooling systems.

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